ISO 13500:2008(en) Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluid materials — Specifications and tests
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ISO 13500:2008(en) Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluid materials — Specifications and tests
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13500 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 13500:2006), subclauses 7.1.2/Table 2, 7.3.1, 8.5.2, 8.6.5, 8.13.4, 10.2.5, 11.4, 14.4.3, and 15.4.3 of which have been technically revised. Clause 17 on low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose, Clause 18 on high-viscosity polyanionic cellulose, and Clause 19 on drilling-grade xanthan gum have been added.
Introduction
This International Standard covers materials that are in common usage in petroleum and natural-gas drilling fluids. These materials are used in bulk quantities, can be purchased from multiple sources and are available as commodity products. No single-source or limited-source products are included, nor are speciality products.
International Standards are published to facilitate communication between purchasers and manufacturers, to provide interchangeability between similar equipment and materials purchased from different manufacturers and/or at different times and to provide an adequate level of safety when the equipment or materials are utilized in the manner and for the purposes intended. This International Standard provides minimum requirements and is not intended to inhibit anyone from purchasing or producing materials to other standards.
This International Standard is substantially based on API Spec 13A, 16th Edition, February 1, 2004. The purpose of this International Standard is to provide product specifications for barite, haematite, bentonite, nontreated bentonite, Oil Companies' Materials Association (OCMA) grade bentonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, technical-grade low-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-LVT), technical-grade high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-HVT), starch, low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose, high-viscosity polyanionic cellulose and drilling-grade Xanthomaonas campestris.
The intent of the document is to incorporate all International Standards for drilling fluid materials into an ISO-formatted document. A survey of the industry found that only the American Petroleum Institute (API) issued testing procedures and specification standards for these materials.
Reference to OCMA materials has been included in API work, as the OCMA and subsequent holding committees were declared defunct, and all specifications were submitted to API in 1983.
Annex A (informative) lists the mineral impurities in barite, Annex B (informative) provides the test precision and Annex C (informative) details examples of calculations.
1 Scope
This International Standard covers physical properties and test procedures for materials manufactured for use in oil- and gas-well drilling fluids. The materials covered are barite, haematite, bentonite, nontreated bentonite, OCMA-grade bentonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, technical-grade low-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-LVT), technical-grade high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-HVT), starch, low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV), high-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-HV) and drilling-grade Xanthomonas campestris (Xanthan gum). This International Standard is intended for the use of manufacturers of named products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6780, Flat pallets for intercontinental materials handling — Principal dimensions and tolerances
ISO 10414-1:2008, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids — Part 1: Water-based fluids
ASTM D422, Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
ASTM E11, Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
ASTM E161, Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves
ASTM E77, Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
ASTM E177, Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
NIST (NBS) Monograph 150, Liquid-In-Glass Thermometry
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
ACS reagent grade
chemicals that meet purity standards as specified by the American Chemical Society (ACS)
3.1.2
flash side
side containing residue (“flash”) from stamping, or the side with concave indentation
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
| ACS | American Chemical Society |
| API | American Petroleum Institute |
| APME | Association of Plastic Manufacturers in Europe |
| ASTM | American Society for Testing and Materials |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| CAS | Chemical Abstracts Service |
| CMC-HVT | Carboxymethylcellulose — High-viscosity, technical-grade |
| CMC-LVT | Carboxymethylcellulose — Low-viscosity, technical-grade |
| OCMA | Oil Companies' Materials Association |
| NBS | National Bureau of Standards |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| TC | to contain |
| TD | to deliver |
| Bc | hydrometer correction curve intercept |
| b | yield point/plastic viscosity ratio |
| D1 | equivalent particle diameter immediately greater than 6 µm, determined in Equation (9) |
| D2 | equivalent particle diameter immediately less than 6 µm, determined in Equation (9) |
| De | equivalent spherical diameter, expressed in micrometres |
| Cc | calibration correction |
| Cm | 40 times the EDTA volume, expressed in millilitres |
| KS | sample constant |
| L | effective depth, expressed in centimetres |
| log(η20/ηθ) | correction for temperature variance |
| Mc | hydrometer correction curve slope |
| m | sample mass, expressed in grams |
| m2 | residue mass, expressed in grams |
| m3 | mass of the 425 µm sieve, expressed in grams |
| m4 | mass of 425 µm sieve and sample retained, expressed in grams |
| m5 | mass passing through a 425 µm sieve, expressed in grams |
| m6 | mass of the bottom receiver, expressed in grams |
| m7 | mass of the bottom receiver and sample content, expressed in grams |
| m8 | mass of sample passing through a 75 µm sieve, expressed in grams |
| R | hydrometer reading |
| R1 | average hydrometer reading at lower temperature |
| R2 | average hydrometer reading at higher temperature |
| R600 | viscometer dial reading at 600 r/min |
| R300 | viscometer dial reading at 300 r/min |
| Ss | sample test value |
| t | time, expressed in minutes |
| V | total filtrate volume, expressed in millilitres |
| Vc | filtrate volume, expressed in millilitres, collected between 7,5 min and 30 min |
| V1 | initial volume, expressed in millilitres |
| V2 | final volume, expressed in millilitres |
| V3 | volume EDTA used, expressed in millilitres |
| V4 | volume of filtrate used, expressed in millilitres |
| w1 | mass fraction residue of particles greater than 75 µm, expressed in percent |
| w2 | cumulative percent for point immediately greater than 6 µm |
| w3 | cumulative percent for point immediately less than 6 µm |
| w4 | cumulative percent less than 6 µm |
| w5 | mass fraction residue of particles greater than 45 µm, expressed in percent (see 8.9.6) |
| w6 | mass fraction moisture, expressed in percent |
| wa | cumulative percent finer |
| wAEM | soluble alkaline earth metals as calcium, expressed in milligrams per kilogram |
| w75 | mass fraction of sample passing through a 75 µm sieve, expressed in percent |
| w425 | mass fraction passing through a 425 µm sieve, expressed in percent |
| ρ | sample density, expressed in grams per millilitre |
| θ | temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit |
| θ1 | average temperature reading at lower temperature |
| θ2 | average temperature reading at higher temperature |
| ηA | apparent viscosity, expressed in centipoise |
| η | viscosity of water, expressed in millipascal seconds |
| η20 | 1,002, is the viscosity of water at 20 °C (68 °F) |
| ηθ | viscosity at desired temperature (see Table 3) |
| ηP | plastic viscosity, expressed in millipascal·seconds |
| ηY | yield point, expressed in pounds per 100 ft2 |
Bibliography
| [1] | ISO 31 (all parts), Quantities and units |
| [2] | ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth |
| [3] | ISO 10241, International terminology standards — Preparation and layout |
| [4] | API RP 13K, Recommended Practice for Chemical Analysis of Barite |
| [5] | ASTM E691, Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method |
| [6] | API Spec 13A, Specification for Drilling-Fluid Materials, 16th Edition, February 1, 2004 |
| [7] | API 88-30, 1989. Specification Parameters Determination Drilling Fluid Materials |
| [8] | API 89-30, 1990. Specification Parameters Determination Drilling Fluid Materials |
| [9] | API 90-30, 1992. Specification Parameters Determination Drilling Fluid Materials |
| [10] | Korosi, A. and Fabuss, B. Analytical Chemistry, Vol 40 No. 1, Jan. 1968, “Viscosity of Liquid Water from 25 °C to 150 °C”, p. 162 |
2) Multimixer® Model 9B is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for theconvenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
3) Hamilton Beach® mixer cup No. M110-D is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
4) Spraying Systems Co., No. TG 6.5 tip with 1/4 TT body, is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
5) This item is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
7) Merck No. 1.09.099.1000 is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
8) Merck 1.05043.0250 PA is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
9) Thermo Russell type KDCW11 is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
10) Fann is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
11) OFI is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
12) Sea salt, ASTM D1141-98 (2003), is available from Lake Products Company, Inc., P.O. Box 2248, Maryland Heights 63043 Missouri, USA, and is a commercially available product. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
13) API standard evaluation base clay is an example of a suitable product available commercially. Requests for clay should be directed to the API which will forward the request to a supplier for further handling. This information is given for the convenience of users of this Internal Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
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